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Terminal features

Every OSC, CSI, DEC, DCS, and APC sequence reel tracks, what it does with each one, and the exact Go name that exposes it.

This page lists the escape sequences reel tracks, what it does with each one, and the exact name it goes by in Go. reel's terminal emulator, reel/vt, is a checked-in build of libghostty-vt.

Tracked or executed

reel treats a sequence in one of two ways:

  • Tracked and exposed. reel reads the result and gives it a Go name, so you can test it, draw it, or export it. The tables below are these sequences.
  • Executed. libghostty-vt acts on the sequence, and you only see what it did to the screen. Ordinary cursor movement is the usual example. See Executed by libghostty-vt.

On the wire, CSI is ESC [, OSC is ESC ], DCS is ESC P, APC is ESC _, and ST is ESC \. An OSC can also end in BEL.

Names are in package vt unless they say otherwise, so State.Title is vt.State.Title. Session.State returns the same vt.State, with Focused filled in. Terminal has a method of the same name for most State fields, but not for Palette, Glyphs, or PromptMarks.

Control characters and ESC

SequenceNameWhat reel doesExposed by
BEL (0x07)BellCounts it and stamps the timeState.Bell, Bell.Count, Bell.At, render.WithBell, render.WithBellDuration
ESC cRIS, full resetClears everything in the list belowTerminal.Reset does the same from the host

A full reset clears Title, WorkingDirectory, Bell, Progress, Notifications, Clipboard, Prompt, PromptMarks, ProgramStatuses, Palette, Glyphs, and Kitty images. It keeps the colors a program set with OSC 10, 11, and 12, and it turns LNM back on (see ANSI modes).

OSC

SequenceNameWhat reel doesExposed by
OSC 0 ; text, OSC 2 ; textWindow titleKeeps the latest title. OSC 1 doesn't set it.State.Title, render.WithWindowChrome
OSC 4 ; index ; colorPalette colorKeeps colors that differ from the default. The renderer draws them over its own.State.Palette, Palette.Color
OSC 104 ; index, OSC 104Reset palette colorResets one color, or all of themState.Palette
OSC 7 ; urlWorking directoryKeeps the value as sent, such as file:///tmpState.WorkingDirectory, render.WithWindowChrome
OSC 8 ; params ; urlHyperlinkStores the URL on each cell, and an id as id=value. libghostty-vt drops other parameters.Cell.Link, Link.URL, Link.Params, render.WithLinkUnderline
OSC 9 ; textDesktop notificationAppends a notification with a bodyState.Notifications, Notification.Body, Notification.At, effects.Toasts
OSC 777 ; notify ; title ; bodyDesktop notificationAppends a notification with a title and bodyState.Notifications, Notification.Title, effects.Toasts
OSC 9 ; 4 ; state ; percentProgress reportSee OSC 9;4State.Progress, State.ShownProgress, render.WithProgressBar
OSC 10 ; colorForeground colorSets the default foregroundState.Foreground
OSC 11 ; colorBackground colorSets the default backgroundState.Background
OSC 12 ; colorCursor colorSets the cursor colorState.CursorColor, State.CursorColorSet
OSC 110, OSC 111, OSC 112Reset colorUndoes OSC 10, 11, and 12Same as above
OSC 21 ; foreground=color, OSC 21 ; index=colorKitty color controlSets the same colors as OSC 10 and OSC 4State.Foreground, State.Palette
OSC 52 ; c ; base64Clipboard writeKeeps the latest text and counts writes. The text may be a secret. The p and s selections count too.State.Clipboard, ClipboardWrite.Text, ClipboardWrite.Count, effects.WithClipboardToasts
OSC 1337 ; Copy=:base64iTerm2 copySame as OSC 52State.Clipboard
OSC 5522 ; type=write, OSC 5522 ; type=wdata:mime=... ; base64Kitty clipboardSame as OSC 52. A type=read is answered from Terminal.SetClipboard.State.Clipboard
OSC 133 ; ...Semantic promptSee OSC 133State.Prompt, State.PromptMarks, render.WithPromptMarks
OSC 7501 ; ...Program statusSee OSC 7501State.ProgramStatuses, render.WithProgramStatus

A color the program set with OSC 10, 11, or 12 comes first in State and in OSC 10 ; ?, ahead of one the host set with Terminal.SetForeground, Terminal.SetDefaultForeground, or the matching background and cursor methods. The host's applies again after OSC 110, 111, or 112.

OSC 9;4 progress

Progress holds Reported, State, and Percent. Percent is -1 when the report left it out, except for state 1, which reads 0. State.ShownProgress returns nothing for ProgressRemove, and nothing once any OSC 7501 report has arrived, until the next full reset.

State on the wireConstantString()
0ProgressRemoveremove
1ProgressSetset
2ProgressErrorerror
3ProgressIndeterminateindeterminate
4ProgressPausepause

OSC 133 semantic prompts

State.Prompt is the latest step, as a Prompt with Kind, HasExitCode, ExitCode, Command, and At.

SequenceConstantValueWhat reel does
OSC 133 ; A, OSC 133 ; P, OSC 133 ; NPromptStartstartEnds working and blocked OSC 7501 records. A primary prompt also adds a PromptMark. k=s, k=c, and k=r prompts don't.
OSC 133 ; B, OSC 133 ; IPromptInputinputRecords the step
OSC 133 ; C, OSC 133 ; C ; cmdline_url=echo%20aPromptOutputoutputSets Prompt.Command when the shell sends cmdline_url or cmdline
OSC 133 ; D, OSC 133 ; D ; 3PromptCommandendSets Prompt.ExitCode, and ends the latest mark

State.PromptMarks lists the primary prompts on the screen and in the scrollback, oldest first, up to 1024. Each PromptMark has Row, Ended, HasExitCode, and ExitCode, and PromptMark.Failed reports a non-zero exit. It's nil on the alternate screen, and a prompt written there gets no mark.

OSC 7501 program status

A report is OSC 7501 ; key=value:key=value. reel keeps up to 256 records, one per id, and drops the least recently updated. A report with an invalid part is ignored as a whole.

KeyField of ProgramStatusNotes
stateStateRequired. See the next table.
idIDSlash-separated, such as build/test. Empty is the root record.
appAppInherited from the nearest ancestor that set one
kindKindOnly kept when state=blocked
progressProgress0 to 100, and only kept for working and blocked. -1 when absent.
titleTitleBase64
msgMessageBase64
state=ConstantWhat it means
idleProgramIdleAt rest, waiting for the next instruction
doneProgramDoneA piece of work finished
workingProgramWorkingRunning on its own
blockedProgramBlockedCan't continue until the user does something
errorProgramErrorFailed and stopped
clearNoneRemoves the record and those beneath it, or all of them with no id
kind=Constant
Left outProgramKindNone
permissionProgramKindPermission
questionProgramKindQuestion
authProgramKindAuth

State.ProgramStatuses is sorted by id, and OSC 7501 ; ? asks whether the terminal supports the protocol. State.ProgramStatusGeneration changes when the records do, and State.ProgramStatusReported is true once any report has arrived since the last full reset, including a clear. reel.ProgramStatus is the same record in a .json output.

CSI

SequenceNameWhat reel doesExposed by
CSI style SP qDECSCUSRSets the shape and blink: 1 and 2 block, 3 and 4 underline, 5 and 6 bar. Odd styles blink. 0 is a steady block.Cursor.Shape, Cursor.Blink, CursorBlock, CursorUnderline, CursorBar
CSI 3 JED 3, erase scrollbackEmpties the scrollback and its prompt marksState.ScrollbackLen, Terminal.ClearScrollback sends it from the host
CSI 8 ; rows ; cols tXTWINOPS resizeRecords the request and doesn't apply itTerminal.ResizeRequest
CSI > flags u, CSI < u, CSI = flags ; mode uKitty keyboard flagsPush, pop, and set the flags that decide how keys encodeTerminal.EncodeKey, Session.Key
CSI > 4 ; 2 mmodifyOtherKeysChanges how keys encode, such as CSI 27 ; 2 ; 65 ~Terminal.EncodeKey, Session.Key
CSI flags # yXTCHECKSUMPicks the DECRQCRA variant until the next resetChecksumFlags, ChecksumPositive, ChecksumNoAttributes, ChecksumNoTrim, ChecksumUndrawn, ChecksumFull, Terminal.SetChecksumFlags

Queries such as DA1 are CSI too. They're listed under Replies.

SGR

libghostty-vt applies SGR, and reel copies the result onto each cell as Cell.Style, a Style.

SequenceExposed by
CSI 1 mAttrBold
CSI 2 mAttrFaint
CSI 3 mAttrItalic
CSI 5 mAttrBlink
CSI 6 mAttrRapidBlink
CSI 7 mAttrReverse
CSI 8 mAttrConceal
CSI 9 mAttrStrikethrough
CSI 4 m, CSI 4:1 mUnderlineSingle
CSI 21 m, CSI 4:2 mUnderlineDouble
CSI 4:3 mUnderlineCurly
CSI 4:4 mUnderlineDotted
CSI 4:5 mUnderlineDashed
CSI 31 m, CSI 91 m, CSI 38 ; 5 ; 33 m, CSI 38 ; 2 ; r ; g ; b mStyle.Fg, an Indexed or a color.NRGBA
CSI 41 m, CSI 48 ; 5 ; 33 m, CSI 48 ; 2 ; r ; g ; b mStyle.Bg, the same types
CSI 58 ; 5 ; 33 m, CSI 58 ; 2 ; r ; g ; b mStyle.UnderlineColor, the same types

CSI 53 m (overline) has no field in Style, so reel doesn't report it.

DEC private modes

CSI ? n h sets a mode and CSI ? n l resets it. Terminal.Mode reads any of them, with Mode{Number: n}, and reports ok as false for a number it doesn't recognize.

SequenceNameWhat reel doesExposed by
CSI ? 1 hDECCKM, cursor keysArrow keys encode as ESC O A rather than CSI ATerminal.EncodeKey
CSI ? 5 hDECSCNM, reverse videoThe renderer swaps the default foreground and background. Cells don't change.State.ReverseColors
CSI ? 12 hCursor blinkSets the blink. The host draws the frames.Cursor.Blink, render.WithCursorBlinkSpeed
CSI ? 25 hDECTCEM, cursor visibleShows or hides the cursorCursor.Visible
CSI ? 47 h, CSI ? 1047 h, CSI ? 1049 hAlternate screenSwitches screens. ScrollbackLen and ScrollbackOffset are zero there, and PromptMarks is nil.State.AltScreen
CSI ? 9 hX10 mouseSelects mouse trackingTerminal.EncodeMouse, Session.Mouse
CSI ? 1000 hNormal mouse trackingSelects mouse trackingTerminal.EncodeMouse, Session.Mouse
CSI ? 1002 hButton-event mouse trackingSelects mouse trackingTerminal.EncodeMouse, Session.Mouse
CSI ? 1003 hAny-event mouse trackingSelects mouse trackingTerminal.EncodeMouse, Session.Mouse
CSI ? 1005 hUTF-8 mouseSelects the report formatTerminal.EncodeMouse
CSI ? 1006 hSGR mouseSelects the report formatTerminal.EncodeMouse
CSI ? 1015 hurxvt mouseSelects the report formatTerminal.EncodeMouse
CSI ? 1016 hSGR pixel mouseSelects the report formatTerminal.EncodeMouse
CSI ? 1004 hFocus eventsFocus changes send a reportTerminal.EncodeFocus, Session.Focus
CSI ? 2004 hBracketed pastePastes are wrappedTerminal.EncodePaste, Session.Paste
CSI ? 2026 hSynchronized outputReads return the frame from when the hold began, and exports make no frames during it. Waits count the output once it ends.Terminal.Held, Session.WaitIdle
CSI ? 2048 hIn-band size reportsSends CSI 48 ; rows ; cols ; height ; width t when set and on each resizeWithCellSize sets the cell pixels

When several tracking modes are set, the highest number wins. For formats the order is 1016, 1006, 1015, then 1005.

Terminal.Mode also recognizes these, and reel doesn't act on them itself:

  • By name: 6 (DECOM), 7 (DECAWM), 66 (DECNKM), 67 (DECBKM), 69 (DECLRMM), 1048 (save cursor), 2027 (grapheme clusters), and 2031 (color scheme reports).
  • By number only: 3, 4, 8, 40, 45, 1007, 1035, 1036, 1039, 1045, 2033, and 5522.

Modes 1001 and 9001 aren't recognized. The inspector still labels 9001 as win32 input, since it names what a program sent, not what the terminal did.

ANSI modes

These use CSI n h and CSI n l, with no ?. Read them with Terminal.Mode and Mode{Number: n, ANSI: true}.

SequenceNameWhat reel does
CSI 20 hLNM, line feed new lineExecuted by libghostty-vt. Off by default, so LF moves down and keeps the column, as in a terminal with stty raw. In cooked mode the kernel's ONLCR adds the carriage return, as Session.Write does unless the session is opened WithoutONLCR.
CSI 4 hIRM, insertExecuted by libghostty-vt
CSI 2 hKAMRecognized by Terminal.Mode
CSI 12 hSRMRecognized by Terminal.Mode. On by default.

DCS

reel keeps no state from DCS sequences. It only sees them as queries and replies:

SequenceNameWhere
DCS $ q setting STDECRQSSA query, see Replies
DCS + q names STXTGETTCAPA query, see Replies
DCS > | reel STXTVERSION replySent by the terminal
DCS ! | 00000000 STDA3 replySent by the terminal
DCS 1 ! ~ FF3D STDECRQCRA replySent by the terminal

Any other DCS is dropped, and it doesn't reach WithUnknownSequence.

APC: Kitty graphics

Commands are APC G key=value,key=value ; base64 ST. The module is built with Kitty graphics on, by reel/vt/build/kitty-freestanding.patch. The renderer draws placements in their layers, and there's no option to turn that off.

SequenceNameWhat reel doesExposed by
APC G a=t ...TransmitStores an imageImage once it's placed
APC G a=T ...Transmit and displayStores and places an image at the cursorTerminal.Images, Buffer.Images, Placement, Placement.Rect, Placement.Source
APC G a=p ...PutPlaces a stored imagePlacement.PlacementID
APC G a=d ...DeleteRemoves placementsTerminal.Images
APC G a=f ..., APC G a=a ...Animation frame and controlRuns on the terminal's clockImage.Generation, Terminal.AnimationDue, Terminal.Animate
APC G a=q ...QueryReplies APC G i=1 ; OK STTerminal.Read
z=LayerOrders placementsPlacement.Z, Placement.BelowBackground, Placement.BelowText
U=1, with U+10EEEE cellsUnicode placeholderDraws the image in those cellsPlacement.Clip, Cell.KittyPlaceholder
f=24, f=32, f=100, o=zRGB, RGBA, PNG, zlibDecodes the payloadImage.Pixels
t=f, t=t, t=sFile, temporary file, shared memoryReplies EINVAL: unsupported medium, unless the session reads themreel.WithKittyFiles

Storage is capped at DefaultKittyStorage, 32 MiB. Set it with vt.WithKittyStorage, reel.WithKittyStorage, or Terminal.SetKittyImageStorageLimit. A .cast keeps a custom limit in its kitty_storage header field. WithCellSize sets the pixels per cell that placements are measured in.

APC: Glyph Protocol

Commands are APC 25a1 ; verb ; ... ST. Each register command is decoded into a Glyph, and State.Glyphs holds them all. The renderer draws a registered glyph in place of the font's, and there's no option to turn that off. It places a glyph with Glyph.UnitsPerEm, Glyph.Cells, and the outline's bounds.

SequenceNameWhat reel doesExposed by
APC 25a1 ; s STSupportReplies APC 25a1 ; s ; fmt=glyf STTerminal.Read
APC 25a1 ; q ; cp=e000 STQueryReplies with status=glossary for a registered glyph, or an empty status=Terminal.Read
APC 25a1 ; r ; cp=e000 ; ... ; base64 STRegisterAdds the glyph. Replies status=0, or status=1 and a reason such as out_of_namespace. reply=0 asks for no reply.State.Glyphs, Glyphs.Lookup, Glyph
APC 25a1 ; c ; cp=e000 ST, APC 25a1 ; c STClearRemoves one glyph, or all of themState.Glyphs

Only Private Use Area codepoints and the glyf format are accepted.

Register optionField of GlyphValues
cpRuneHex codepoint
upmUnitsPerEmDefault 1000
awAdvanceDefaults to upm
lhLineHeightDefaults to upm
widthCells1 or 2
sizeSizeheight is GlyphSizeHeight, advance is GlyphSizeAdvance, contain is GlyphSizeContain, cover is GlyphSizeCover, stretch is GlyphSizeStretch
alignAlignX, AlignYcenter is GlyphAlignCenter, start is GlyphAlignStart, end is GlyphAlignEnd, baseline is GlyphAlignBaseline
padPadFour comma-separated fractions
PayloadContours, of GlyphPointBase64 of a glyf simple-glyph record

Replies to queries

The terminal answers a program's queries by itself, so a program doesn't stall. A program reads the reply with Session.Read or Terminal.Read. Terminal.WriteReplies also returns them to the caller.

A session records each query as an annotation of kind reel.query (reel.QueryKind), with the fields of reel.Query: Query, Param, Request, Reply, and Truncated. Replies aren't recorded as input, since replaying the output makes the terminal reply again. reel.WithoutQueries turns the annotations off, which keeps a clipboard read out of the recording. See Annotations.

QueryNameReplyqueryparam
ENQ (0x05)EnquiryACK (0x06)enq
CSI c, CSI 0 cDA1CSI ? 64 cda1
CSI > cDA2CSI > 0 ; 0 ; 0 cda2
CSI = cDA3DCS ! | 00000000 STda3
CSI > qXTVERSIONDCS > | reel STxtversion
CSI 5 nDSRCSI 0 ndsr5
CSI 6 nCPRCSI row ; col Rcpr6
CSI ? 6 nDECXCPRCSI ? row ; col ; 1 Rcpr?6
CSI ? 996 nColor schemeCSI ? 997 ; 1 n, always darkcolor_scheme
CSI ? 2026 $ p, CSI 4 $ pDECRQMCSI ? 2026 ; 2 $ y: 1 set, 2 reset, 0 not recognizeddecrqm?2026, 4
CSI ? uKitty keyboard flagsCSI ? 0 ukitty_keyboard
OSC 10 ; ?, OSC 11 ; ?, OSC 12 ; ?Dynamic colorsOSC 11 ; rgb:1111/1111/1111, once the host or program has set that colorosc_color10, 11, 12
OSC 13 ; ? to OSC 19 ; ?Dynamic colorsNoneosc_color13 to 19
OSC 4 ; 1 ; ?Palette colorOSC 4 ; 1 ; rgb:cccc/6666/6666osc_color4
OSC 52 ; c ; ?Clipboard readOSC 52 ; c ; base64, from Terminal.SetClipboardosc52c
OSC 5522 ; type=readKitty clipboard readOSC 5522 ; type=read:status=OK, then the data and status=DONEkitty_clipboard
OSC 7501 ; ?Program status supportOSC 7501 ; ?:states=...:kinds=...program_status
APC G a=q ... STKitty graphicsAPC G i=7 ; OK STkitty_graphicsThe i, such as 7
APC 25a1 ; s ST, APC 25a1 ; q ; cp=e000 STGlyph ProtocolAPC 25a1 ; s ; fmt=glyf STglyphs, q
ESC ZDECIDCSI ? 64 cda1
DCS $ q m STDECRQSSDCS 1 $ r 0 m STdecrqssm
DCS + q 636f6c73 STXTGETTCAPDCS 1 + r 636F6C73=3830 STxtgettcapcols
CSI 14 tXTWINOPS, window pixelsCSI 4 ; height ; width txtwinops14
CSI 16 tXTWINOPS, cell pixelsCSI 6 ; height ; width txtwinops16
CSI 18 tXTWINOPS, grid sizeCSI 8 ; rows ; cols txtwinops18
CSI 19 tXTWINOPS, screen sizeCSI 9 ; rows ; cols txtwinops19
CSI 11 t, 13, 15, 20, 21XTWINOPS, othersNonextwinops11, and so on
CSI 1 ; 1 ; 1 ; 1 ; 2 ; 2 * yDECRQCRADCS 1 ! ~ FF3D ST, only after Terminal.SetChecksumReport(true)decrqcra

CSI ? 15 n and other status numbers are recorded as dsr, with no reply.

Some replies are recorded with no Request:

  • A reply whose query was split across two writes.
  • A reply to a command that isn't a query: a Kitty graphics command other than a=q, a Glyph Protocol register (glyph, with param set to r), or an OSC 5522 write.
  • The size report after CSI ? 2048 h, as in_band_resize.

Programs run with reel.Exec get TERM=xterm-ghostty when that terminfo entry is installed, and xterm-256color otherwise, with COLORTERM=truecolor.

Input sent to the program

These go the other way. reel encodes them for the modes the program set. Keys, pastes, and mouse reports are recorded as i events (reel.Input), and DecodeInput reads those bytes back as Stroke values.

SequenceNameSent byDecoded as
CSI A, CSI 99 ; 5 u, CSI 27 ; 2 ; 65 ~Keys, in legacy, Kitty, and modifyOtherKeys formsTerminal.EncodeKey, Session.Key, Session.TypeStrokeKey, StrokeText
CSI 200 ~ text CSI 201 ~Bracketed pasteTerminal.EncodePaste, Session.PasteStrokePaste
CSI M ..., CSI < 0 ; 4 ; 2 M, CSI 32 ; 4 ; 2 MMouse reports, in X10, SGR, and urxvt forms. MouseMotion with MouseUnknown is hover, which only CSI ? 1003 h reports.Terminal.EncodeMouse, Session.MouseStrokeMouse
CSI I, CSI OFocus in and outTerminal.EncodeFocus, Session.FocusSkipped

A focus change is recorded as a reel.Focus event, code f in a .cast, whether or not the program asked for focus reports.

How it's recorded

A .cast keeps program output as raw bytes in o events, so sequences don't get events or names of their own. The only exception is queries, as reel.query annotations under code R. An export replays those bytes to get every value on this page.

A .json output (reel.Screen) holds some of the tracked state, under these names:

FieldFrom
titleState.Title
alt_screenState.AltScreen
focusedState.Focused
cursorCursor, as position, visible, style, and blink, with the cursor color as color
fg_color, bg_colorState.Foreground, State.Background
reverse_colorsState.ReverseColors
program_statusState.ProgramStatuses
cells, each with style and linkCell.Style, Cell.Link

Progress, the bell, notifications, the clipboard, prompts, the palette, glyphs, and images aren't in it.

Unknown sequences

A sequence the terminal doesn't implement does nothing on screen, but its bytes stay in the recording. To see them, pass a callback to vt.WithUnknownSequence or reel.WithUnknownSequence. Each one arrives as an UnknownSequence.

FieldHolds
UnknownSequence.KindSequenceOSC (osc) or SequenceAPC (apc)
UnknownSequence.DataEverything between the introducer and the terminator, such as 7400;status=busy
UnknownSequence.TruncatedTrue when Data holds only the first UnknownSequenceMaxBytes (4096)
UnknownSequence.AtWhen it arrived, on the terminal's clock

What is and isn't reported:

  • An OSC with a number the terminal doesn't implement is reported, such as OSC 7400 ; status=busy.
  • An APC other than G and 25a1 is reported. PM (ESC ^) and SOS (ESC X) strings are too, with Kind set to SequenceAPC.
  • An OSC with a number it does implement is never reported, even when malformed.
  • CSI and DCS sequences are never reported.

The implemented OSC numbers are 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10 to 19, 21, 22, 52, 66, 72, 99, 104, 105, 110 to 119, 133, 777, 1337, 3008, 5522, and 7501. Of those, 1, 5, 13 to 19, 22, 66, 72, 99, 105, 113 to 119, and 3008 have no Go name, so you can't read what they did. The same goes for OSC 1337 commands other than Copy.

Executed by libghostty-vt

Most of what a program writes is carried out by libghostty-vt, and reel doesn't track it by name. You see the result in Terminal.Screen, Terminal.Text, and Cursor. The commit is pinned by GHOSTTY_REV in reel/vt/build/Dockerfile, and its own documentation covers what it implements.

These groups are confirmed to work:

  • Cursor movement: CUU, CUD, CUF, CUB, CUP, HVP, CHA, and VPA.
  • Saving the cursor: DECSC and DECRC (ESC 7, ESC 8), SCOSC and SCORC (CSI s, CSI u).
  • Erasing and editing: ED, EL, ECH, ICH, DCH, and REP.
  • Scrolling: DECSTBM.
  • Character sets: ESC ( 0 and ESC ( B.
  • Soft reset: DECSTR (CSI ! p).

Terminal.Redraw restores the screen, modes, scrolling region, tab stops, and keyboard state for a cut, without reel tracking them itself. In the inspector, the timeline shows these sequences in lanes by group.

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